德国耶拿大学Andreas Hejnol团队研究出栉水母中的囊胚组织器。2026年6月17日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

在这里，课题组人员报道了栉水母Mnemiopsis leidyi的胚孔唇，是所有其他后生动物的进化姐妹群的成员，表现出组织者活动。课题组发现移植的M. leidyi原肠胚胚孔唇组织片段能够诱导次级咽和口的形成。

此外，传质移植实验表明，M.leidyi导致刺胞线虫（Nematostella vectensis）胚胎产生次级体轴。M.leidyi需要β-catenin和TGFβ信号传导，TGFβ家族配体可能提供这种诱导能力。这些发现揭示了在栉水母、刺胞动物和脊椎动物中胚孔组织器的深层同源性，暗示了胚孔唇在祖先的组织器中所起的作用。研究人员认为，组织者的出现是一个重要的创新，促进了从单细胞近亲的时间细胞分化到第一个多细胞胚胎的空间细胞分化。

研究人员表示，在1924年的一项标志性实验中，Hilde Mangold和Hans Spemann证实，两栖动物胚胎的背胚孔唇在移植到寄主胚胎时起着组织者的作用，并诱导出次级体轴。这一发现表明，特定的胚胎区域可以调节胚胎模式，并导致整个身体轴的建立。随后的研究表明，刺胞动物——两侧对称动物的姊妹群——也拥有胚孔型胚胎组织。然而，组织者的进化起源仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: A blastoporal organizer in a ctenophore

Author: Kremnyov, Stanislav, Lebedeva, Tatiana, Genikhovich, Grigory, Hejnol, Andreas

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-17

Abstract: In an iconic experiment in 1924, Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann established that the dorsal blastopore lip of amphibian embryos functions as an organizer and induces a secondary body axis when transplanted into a host embryo1. This discovery demonstrated that specific embryonic regions can regulate embryonic patterning and lead to the establishment of an entire body axis. Subsequent studies have revealed that cnidarians, the sister group to Bilateria, also possess a blastoporal embryonic organizer2,3. However, the evolutionary origin of the organizer remains unclear. Here we report that the blastopore lip of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, a member of the evolutionary sister group to all other metazoans4,5, exhibits organizer activity. We show that transplanted fragments of blastopore lip tissue from M.leidyi gastrula induce secondary pharynx and mouth formation. Moreover, transphyletic transplantation experiments show that the blastopore lip of M.leidyi leads to the generation of a secondary body axis in embryos of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Organizer function in M.leidyi requires both β-catenin and TGFβ signalling, and the TGFβ-family ligands probably provide this inductive capacity. These findings reveal the deep homology of the blastoporal organizer in ctenophores, cnidarians and vertebrates, implying the ancestral organizer role of the blastopore lip. We propose that the emergence of the organizer was an essential innovation that facilitated the change from the temporal cell differentiation of unicellular relatives to the spatial cell differentiation of the first multicellular embryo.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10643-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10643-z

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html