近日，美国芝加哥大学Ruben Verresen团队实现了在量子硬件上编织和融合任意子的通用门。该项研究成果发表在2026年7月15日出版的《自然》杂志上。

量子计算机需要具备全局存储和操控信息的能力，以抵御局域噪声。拓扑有序相提供了两条途径：将信息编码在基态子空间中，或编码在任意子激发中。环面码是第一种途径的典型代表，但其本身并不支持通用门集。第二种途径——拓扑量子计算——通过对非阿贝尔任意子进行编织操作来实现门。然而，环面码最简单的非阿贝尔推广形式，仅靠编织无法实现通用性。

研究组证明，将任意子融合作为计算基本操作，可使这些最低非阿贝尔拓扑有序态具备通用计算能力。研究组在Quantinuum的H2处理器上制备了最小非阿贝尔群S的量子双体的54量子比特基态。他们将逻辑信息编码在非阿贝尔任意子的全局融合空间中，通过编织与融合相结合，实现了通用的拓扑门集和读出操作，并以此拓扑方式制备了一个魔法态来加以验证。这表明，S拓扑有序态不仅可以可扩展地制备，而且其丰富性足以支持通用门集。更广泛地说，这项工作为利用量子物质的内在特性来操控量子信息开辟了新途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Universal gates from braiding and fusing anyons on quantum hardware

Author: Lo, Chiu Fan Bowen, Lyons, Anasuya, Gresh, Dan, Mills, Michael, Siegfried, Peter E., Urmey, Maxwell D., Tantivasadakarn, Nathanan, Dreyer, Henrik, Vishwanath, Ashvin, Verresen, Ruben, Iqbal, Mohsin

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-15

Abstract: A quantum computer requires the ability to store and manipulate information globally to protect against local noise. Topologically ordered phases1,2 offer two routes: encoding information in the ground-state subspace3 or in anyonic excitations1,4,5. The toric code1 exemplifies the first approach but does not intrinsically support a universal gate set. The latter—topological quantum computation—implements gates by braiding non-Abelian anyons6 around each other. However, the simplest non-Abelian generalizations of the toric code cannot achieve universality by braiding alone7,8,9. Here we demonstrate that anyon fusion, used as a computational primitive, renders these minimally non-Abelian topologically ordered states universal. We prepare a 54-qubit ground state of the quantum double of S3, the smallest non-Abelian group, on the H2 processor of Quantinuum. We encode logical information in the global fusion space of non-Abelian anyons, and by combining braiding with fusion, we realize a universal topological gate set and read-out, which we demonstrate by topologically preparing a magic state. This demonstrates that the S3 topologically ordered state is scalably preparable, yet rich enough to support a universal gate set. More broadly, this work opens up new pathways for harnessing the intrinsic properties of quantum matter to manipulate quantum information.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10709-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10709-y

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html