近日，日本东京大学Jesse Kearse团队报道了停止阶段显示大走滑地震的突然停止。该研究于2026年4月23日发表在《科学》杂志上。

地震震级由破裂传播在何时何地停止所控制。然而，在天然地震的近场地震记录中，破裂停止现象很少被直接观测到。

研究组展示了大型走滑地震中地面运动停止相的系统性近场观测。对全球12个地震事件的分析表明，断层平行方向地表位移的瞬时过冲是破裂传播突然终止的可靠诊断标志。动态破裂模拟揭示，浅层低速岩石会强烈放大近场地面运动，从而增强地表记录到的位移过冲幅度。远离已知破裂迹线末端的近断层位置出现停止相，意味着大型走滑地震是以分段方式破裂的，动态破裂传播在断层内部段落边界处被突然的停止和重新启动所打断。

附：英文原文

Title: Stopping phase reveals abrupt arrest of large strike-slip earthquakes

Author: Jesse Kearse, Yoshihiro Kaneko

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-23

Abstract: Earthquake magnitude is controlled by where and when rupture propagation stops. Yet rupture arrest has rarely been directly observed in near-field seismic records of natural earthquakes. Here we present systematic near-field observations of ground-motion stopping phases from large strike-slip earthquakes. Analysis of 12 global events shows that transient overshoot in fault-parallel ground surface displacement is a robust diagnostic signature of abrupt termination of rupture propagation. Dynamic rupture simulations reveal that near-field ground motions are strongly amplified by low wavespeed rocks at shallow depth, which enhance the amplitude of displacement overshoot recorded at the surface. The occurrence of stopping phases at near-fault locations far from mapped rupture termini implies that large strike-slip earthquakes rupture in a segmented manner, with dynamic rupture propagation punctuated by abrupt arrest and reinitiation at internal fault-segment boundaries.

DOI: aef3733

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef3733