近日，美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校Liang, Zhi-Pei团队研究了多路磁共振成像。2026年5月6日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

五十年来，磁共振成像（MRI）彻底改变了诊断放射学和临床医学。然而，MRI的临床应用仍主要局限于宏观组织病理学的视觉检查。由于肿瘤、多发性硬化（MS）和神经退行性疾病等具有高度异质性，临床亟需一种能够提供定量生物标志物用于组织表征的无创成像技术，以实现个体化精准医疗。

研究组提出了一种名为“多重磁共振成像（MRx）”的MRI数据采集与处理新方法，旨在实现多种分子的高分辨率同步多参数定量成像。研究组证明了在标准临床环境下，MRx能够获取全脑的大量定量结构、生理和分子生物标志物。进一步研究表明，这些生物标志物可定义有效的组织状态指数，用于肿瘤和多发性硬化的疾病分型及病灶特征刻画。研究组预期，MRx的新型定量多重成像能力将显著增强MRI在众多神经系统疾病诊断、监测及疗效评估方面的能力，并可能为科研和临床应用的脑部成像带来变革性影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Multiplexed magnetic resonance imaging

Author: Li, Yudu, Guo, Rong, Zhao, Yibo, Jin, Wen, Ke, Ziwen, Chen, Liang, Chen, Xiangjun, Tang, Weijun, Li, Yao, Liang, Zhi-Pei

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-06

Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized diagnostic radiology and medicine over the past five decades1,2. However, clinical applications of MRI are still mainly limited to visual examination of macroscopic tissue pathology3,4. Because diseases, such as tumours, multiple sclerosis (MS) and neurodegenerative disorders, are highly heterogeneous, there is a critical need for a non-invasive imaging technology that can provide quantitative biomarkers for tissue characterization for personalized and precision medicine5. Here we introduce a new approach to MRI data acquisition and processing, called ‘multiplexed MRI’ (MRx), to achieve high-resolution simultaneous multiparametric mapping of several molecules. We demonstrate that MRx can obtain a large set of quantitative structural, physiological and molecular biomarkers of the whole brain in standard clinical settings. We further demonstrate that these biomarkers could define an effective tissue state index for disease subtyping and lesion characterization in tumours and MS. We anticipate that the new quantitative multiplexed imaging capabilities of MRx would substantially enhance the capability of MRI for diagnosis, monitoring and assessment of therapeutic efficacy of many neurological diseases and potentially transform brain imaging for both research and clinical applications.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10475-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10475-x