近日，厦门大学谢清水团队报道了快速形成以加强富含锂的阴极。相关论文于2026年6月17日发表在《自然》杂志上。

锂离子电池的制造通常需要低倍率的充放电循环来建立稳定的电极-电解质界面，这是一个耗时的过程。

研究组对富锂层状氧化物正极的研究结果挑战了传统化成的必要性，甚至可能缩短电池寿命。相反，快速化成能降低生产成本，并提升容量和稳定性。多尺度同步辐射表征技术表明，首次充电后残留的锂离子对后续结构演化和循环性能至关重要。

深度脱锂会因锂缺乏基体固有的脆弱性而导致严重结构退化和容量损失。相比之下，快速化成中残留的锂离子通过一种自钉扎效应增强了可逆性，阻止了有害的晶格变形，并强化了离子存储框架。将初始充电电流密度从0.2 C调整至2 C，可使可逆容量提高20%，循环寿命延长超过36%。该方法还可推广至其他电极体系，为更高效的电池生产提供了新思路。

附：英文原文

Title: Fast formation to reinforce lithium-rich cathodes

Author: Fan, Mengjian, Li, Jiantao, Gao, Guiyang, Jiang, Benli, Fan, Longlong, Yuan, Qingxi, Zhang, Yinggan, Zheng, Hongfei, Li, Saichao, Lin, Liang, Chen, Zonghai, Ren, Yang, Liu, Yuanyuan, He, Wei, Chen, Gaosheng, Sa, Baisheng, Wang, Laisen, Lin, Jie, Peng, Dong-Liang, Xie, Qingshui

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-17

Abstract: Formation in lithium-ion battery manufacturing typically involves low-rate charge–discharge cycles to establish stable electrode–electrolyte interfaces—a time-consuming process1,2,3,4. Here, our findings on lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes challenge the necessity of conventional formation, which can even shorten battery lifespan. Fast formation, on the other hand, reduces production cost and enhances capacity and stability. Multiscale synchrotron-based techniques show that residual lithium ions after the initial charge are critical for subsequent structural evolution and cycling performance. Deep lithium de-intercalation causes severe structural degradation and capacity loss due to the inherently fragile lithium-deficient matrix. By contrast, the residual lithium ions from fast formation enhance reversibility through a self-pinning effect, preventing pernicious lattice deformation and reinforcing the ion-storage framework. Adjusting the initial charge current density from 0.2C to 2C improves reversible capacity by 20% and extends cycle life by more than 36%. This approach can also be extended to other electrode systems, providing insights for more-efficient battery production.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09553-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09553-3

期刊信息

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504

官方网址：http://www.nature.com/

投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html