2026年10月29日，华中农业大学园艺林学学院金珂等科学家在《科学》（Science）发表研究，揭示罂粟自交不亲和性由两个多等位同座异形控制。

自交不亲和性通过在S位点具有多个等位基因的高度多态性遗传识别来防止自体受精。在虞美人（Papaver rhoeas）中，S决定因子此前被鉴定为PrpS和PrsS。然而，研究人员发现PrpS-PrsS在许多S单倍型中缺失。在这项工作中，研究人员报道了另一对多态性S基因的鉴定——S位点寡肽转运蛋白（SOPT）和S位点富含甘氨酸蛋白（SGRP），当PrpS-PrsS缺失时，它们在S位点分离。SOPT和SGRP表现出S决定因子的标志性特征，并在拟南芥中异源表达时赋予自交不亲和性。因此，罂粟自交不亲和系统并非由具有同源变体的等位基因决定，而是由两个无明显共同祖先的多等位同座异形决定。这一双同座异形系统的发现揭示了多态性的一种独特遗传基础，对异体识别机制的演化具有启示意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Papaver self-incompatibility is controlled by two multiallelic idiomorphs

Author: Ke Jin, Zezhen Du, Tao Xiong, Fuyu Leng, Jian Liu, Mannan Zhang, Boyang Tian, Jianbing Hu, Huirong Hu, Wen’en Wang, Tao Zhao, Jia-Yu Xue, Xiaofei Yang, Kai Ye, Chunlong Li, Xin Wang, Xia Wang, Xutong Wang, Lijun Chai, Qiang Xu, Miao Sun, Vernonica E. Franklin-Tong, Boris Igi, Wen-Biao Jiao, Zongcheng Lin

Issue&Volume: 2026-10-29

Abstract: Self-incompatibility (SI) prevents self-fertilization through highly polymorphic genetic recognition at the S locus with multiple alleles. In Papaver rhoeas, the S determinants were previously identified as PrpS and PrsS. However, we found that PrpS-PrsS was absent in many S haplotypes. In this work, we report the identification of an alternative pair of polymorphic S genes, S locus oligopeptide transporter (SOPT) and S locus glycine-rich protein (SGRP), segregating at the S locus when PrpS-PrsS is absent. SOPT and SGRP display hallmark S determinant features and confer SI when heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, instead of having allelomorphs with homologous variants, the Papaver SI system is determined by two multiallelic idiomorphs sharing no obvious common ancestry. This discovery of a dual-idiomorph system reveals a distinct genetic basis for polymorphism, with implications for the evolution of allorecognition mechanisms.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aeg6988

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg6988